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Tiếng Anh lớp 10 – Đề cương ôn tập Ngữ pháp kì 1 đầy đủ, chi tiết, dễ học

Đề cương ôn tập Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh lớp 10 kì 1 đầy đủ, dễ hiểu, bám sát chương trình – giúp học sinh ôn thi hiệu quả, đạt điểm cao. Xem ngay!

Giới thiệu chung về đề cương ôn tập Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh lớp 10 kì 1

Tiếng Anh lớp 10 là một trong những môn học nền tảng quan trọng trong chương trình THPT. Ngay từ học kì 1, học sinh đã phải tiếp cận khối lượng lớn kiến thức mới, đặc biệt là ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh lớp 10 với nhiều thì, cấu trúc và dạng bài tập đa dạng. Chính vì vậy, việc xây dựng một đề cương ôn tập Tiếng Anh lớp 10 kì 1 đầy đủ, logic và dễ hiểu là điều vô cùng cần thiết.

Trong đề thi cuối kì 1 Tiếng Anh lớp 10, các câu hỏi ngữ pháp thường chiếm tỉ lệ lớn, xuất hiện xuyên suốt ở các dạng: trắc nghiệm, chia động từ, tìm lỗi sai, viết lại câu. Nếu không có hệ thống ôn tập rõ ràng, học sinh rất dễ nhầm lẫn giữa các thì, sử dụng sai cấu trúc hoặc mất điểm đáng tiếc.

Bài viết này cung cấp đề cương ôn tập Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh lớp 10 kì 1 chi tiết, bám sát chương trình học, giúp học sinh:

Nắm chắc các chủ điểm ngữ pháp trọng tâm
Ôn tập đúng hướng, đúng trọng tâm
Tự tin làm bài và đạt kết quả cao trong kì thi

NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 10 KÌ 1

Thì hiện tại đơn và thì hiện tại tiếp diễn

Thì hiện tại đơn (Present Simple)

Cách dùng

Diễn tả thói quen, hành động lặp đi lặp lại
Diễn tả sự thật hiển nhiên, chân lý
Diễn tả thời khóa biểu, lịch trình cố định

Công thức

Khẳng định:

S + V(s/es)
Phủ định:

S + do/does + not + V
Nghi vấn:

Do/Does + S + V?

Dấu hiệu nhận biết

always, usually, often, sometimes
every day / every week / every year

Ví dụ

She studies English every day.
We don’t go to school on Sunday.

Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present Continuous)

Cách dùng

Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói
Diễn tả hành động mang tính tạm thời
Diễn tả kế hoạch chắc chắn trong tương lai gần

Công thức

Khẳng định:

S + am/is/are + V-ing
Phủ định:

S + am/is/are + not + V-ing
Nghi vấn:

Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing?

Dấu hiệu nhận biết

now, at the moment
look!, listen!

Ví dụ

I am studying English now.
They are playing football at the moment.

Phân biệt hiện tại đơn và hiện tại tiếp diễn

Hiện tại đơn	Hiện tại tiếp diễn
Thói quen	Hành động đang diễn ra
Sự thật	Tạm thời
Lịch trình	Kế hoạch gần

Will và Be going to

Will

Cách dùng

Quyết định ngay tại thời điểm nói
Lời hứa, lời đề nghị
Dự đoán không có căn cứ rõ ràng

Công thức

S + will + V (nguyên thể)

Ví dụ

I will help you with your homework.
Don’t worry. I will call you later.

Be going to

Cách dùng

Dự định, kế hoạch đã có trước
Dự đoán có căn cứ rõ ràng

Công thức

S + am/is/are + going to + V

Ví dụ

She is going to study abroad next year.
Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.

Phân biệt will và be going to

Will	Be going to
Quyết định tức thời	Kế hoạch có trước
Lời hứa	Dự định
Dự đoán chủ quan	Dự đoán có căn cứ

Câu bị động (Passive Voice)

Khái niệm

Câu bị động dùng khi muốn nhấn mạnh hành động hoặc đối tượng chịu tác động, không quan trọng ai thực hiện hành động.

Công thức chung

S + be + V3/ed (+ by O)

Câu bị động ở các thì thường gặp

Hiện tại đơn:

S + am/is/are + V3/ed
Quá khứ đơn:

S + was/were + V3/ed
Tương lai đơn:

S + will be + V3/ed

Ví dụ

English is taught at this school.
The house was built in 2000.

Câu ghép (Compound Sentences)

Khái niệm

Câu ghép là câu gồm hai hay nhiều mệnh đề độc lập, nối với nhau bằng liên từ.

Các liên từ thường gặp

and (và)
but (nhưng)
or (hoặc)
so (vì vậy)

Cấu trúc

Clause 1 + conjunction + Clause 2

Ví dụ

I like English and I study it every day.
She was tired but she continued working.

V-ing / To V / Động từ nguyên thể

Động từ theo sau bởi V-ing

Một số động từ thường gặp:

enjoy, like, love, hate
avoid, finish, mind

Ví dụ

I enjoy reading books.
She avoids making mistakes.

Động từ theo sau bởi To V

Một số động từ thường gặp:

want, need, decide, hope, plan

Ví dụ

I want to learn English well.
They decided to travel abroad.

Động từ nguyên thể không “to”

Thường theo sau:

can, could, may, must, should

Ví dụ

You should study harder.

Thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn với when và while

Thì quá khứ đơn

Cách dùng

Hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ

Công thức

S + V2/ed

Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn

Cách dùng

Hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ

Công thức

S + was/were + V-ing

When và While

When + quá khứ đơn
While + quá khứ tiếp diễn

Ví dụ

I was studying when she called me.
While I was studying, she was cooking.

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành (Present Perfect)

Cách dùng

Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, còn liên quan đến hiện tại
Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tại

Công thức

S + have/has + V3/ed

Dấu hiệu nhận biết

already, yet
just, ever, never
since, for

Ví dụ

I have learned English for five years.
She has just finished her homework.

BÀI TẬP LUYỆN TẬP

Từ vựng

Exercise 1: Choose the best answers to complete the sentences.

1. She does two jobs at the same time as she is the main _________ of the family.

A. breadwinner B. homemaker C. housewife D. bread maker

2. She’s such a good wife. She’s _________ her husband through difficult times.

A. taught B. left C. supported D. provided

3. It’s not easy for some tenth-graders to get into high school _________.

A. works B. routines C. times D. responsibilities

4. Jim’s main _________ in his home is to keep the house clean.

A. right B. honour C. part D. responsibility

5. Family _________ are important because they teach children what is right or wrong in life.

A. bonds B.values C. holidays D. connections

6. Doing housework brings great _________ to children as it helps them develop necessary life skills.

A. benefits B. hard work C. results D. practices

7. He’s a man of strong _________. He always fights for what is right and you can rely on him.

A. health B. character C. hands D. influence

8. When all members of the family share housework, the family _________ will become stronger.

A. joys B. happiness C. life D. bonds

Đáp án:

1. A

2. C

3. B

4. D

5. B

6. A

7. B

8. D

Exercise 2: Complete the following sentences with the words / phrases from the box.

organic energy adopt awareness set up eco-friendly litter protect

1. More and more people _________ a green lifestyle, which is good for themselves and the environment.

2. _________ farming is better for the environment because it doesn’t use harmful chemicals.

3. The club hopes to raise public _________ of the environmental issues.

4. Students are reminded not to drop _________in the street.

5. Bamboo is considered to be one of the most_________ building materials.

6. A way to save _________ is to reduce the amount of electricity used at home.

7. Simple actions like putting rubbish in the bin can help to _________ the environment.

8. The club was _________to encourage people to recycle more.

Đáp án:

1. adopt

2. Organic

3. awareness

4. litter

5. eco-friendly

6. energy

7. protect

8. set up

Exercise 3: Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. There are many (talent) _______ participants in this show.

2. We are really looking forward to her (perform) _______ this Sunday.

3. She dreams of becoming a famous rock (sing) _______.

4. The piano is a great (music) _______ instrument for beginners.

5. I love reading books about famous (art) _______.

6. My friend and I were so (excite) _______ to go to the Youth Music Festival.

7. She decided to make an audio (record) _______ for her first song.

8. Everybody can send text messages or vote online to choose the (win) _______ of the show.

Đáp án:

1. talented

2. performance

3. singer

4. musical

5. artists

6. excited

7. recording

8. winner

Exercise 4: Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.

benefit community donation remote development generous volunteer donate

1. We need more________ for our community development projects. Are you interested?

2. Our volunteer club received large________ from the students and their parents.

3. When teenagers do volunteer work, they gain numerous________.

4. My brother is very________, He usually donates half of his pocket money to charity.

5. This charity group raises money to build more schools in the________ areas.

6. Doing volunteer work is also an opportunity for career________.

7. To build a better ________everyone needs to join hands.

8. Besides________money, there are other ways you can do to help people in need.

Đáp án:

1. volunteers

2. donations

3. benefits

4. generous

5. remote

6. development

7. community

8. donating

Exercise 5: Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.

1. Be careful when using electrical equipment / experiment.

2. Many people do not support experiments / laboratories on animals.

3. The scientists carry out important research in the laboratory / equipment.

4. You should install this hardware / software on your smartphone. It helps to make your photos more beautiful.

5. You can store thousands of songs on this experiment /device.

6. I think this is a hardware / software problem. The computer screen is broken.

7. A robot vacuum cleaner is a helpless / helpful device in your home. It makes housework less tiring.

8. The uses of Artificial / Robot Intelligence are very diverse.

Đáp án:

1. equipment

2. experiments

3. laboratory

4. software

5. device

6. hardware

7. helpful

8. Artificial

Ngữ âm

Exercise 1: Choose the best answers (A, B, C or D) to indicate the correct consonant blends to complete the sentences.

1. Her tired_______ ain cannot deal with that problem.

A. /tr/ B. /pl/ C. /gr/ D. /br/

2. Be careful when crossing the train_______ ack.

A. /kr/ B. /kl/ C. /tr/ D. /pr/

Choose the correct letter (A, B, C or D) to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress.

3. A. singer B. compose C. common D. programme

4. A. favour B. enjoy C. reveal D. perform

5. A. invention B. Internet C. benefit D. telephone

6. A. increase (n) B. present (adj) C. decrease (v) D. object (n)

7. A. charity B. volunteer C. holiday D. memory

8. A. advantage B. computer C. century D. attention

Đáp án:

1. D

2. C

3. B

4. A

5. A

6. C

7. B

8. C

Ngữ pháp

Exercise 1: Complete the sentences using the correct present simple or present continuous forms of the verbs in brackets.

1. Nick and Dave (visit) _________ their parents twice a month.

2. You can’t talk my grandfather now. He (watch) _________ the evening news.

3. I can’t shop for groceries today. The local shops (not open) _________ on Sunday.

4. Lan sometimes (meet) _________ her friends after school.

5. Be quite! My younger brother (study) _________ for his exam.

6. Chris (look) _________ stressed, because he (look) _________ for a new job.

7. Anna often (walk) _________ to work, but her husband (drive) _________ her to her office this morning.

8. What _________ you (cook) _________? The food (smell) _________ so good!

Đáp án:

1. visit

2. is watching

3. do not open

4. meets

5. is studying

6. looks – is looking

7. walks – is driving

8. are you cooking – smells

Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with the correct form of will or be going to.

1. A: Oh no! I’ve left my money at home

B: Again? OK. I _________ pay for the dinner.

2. The weather forecast is good for the next few days. It_________ be warm and sunny.

3. I think the final match _________ be very exciting.

4. They’ve already decided on their next summer holiday. They _________do a tour of the country.

5. I hope you _________ visit me in my home one day.

6. I can’t come to the party tomorrow. I _________ study for my exams.

7. A: It’s very hot in here.

B: I_________turn on the air conditioner

8. I and my friends _________see a movie after class. Would you like to join us?

Đáp án:

1. will

2. is going to

3. will

4. are going to

5. will

6. am going to

7. will

8. are going to

Exercise 3: Choose the best answers to complete the sentences.

1. I’m afraid you_________ for an interview.

A. didn’t select B. haven’t selected C. were not selected D. were not selecting

2. Her first novel_________ into English last year.

A. translated B. was translated C. was translating D. translate

3. Their suitcases are packed. They_________ to the southern part of the country for their holiday.

A. will travel B. travelled C. are going to travel D. was travelling

4. My brother_________ a set of toys for his 7th birthday.

A. was given B. gave C. was giving D. give

5. Are you thirsty? I_________you a glass of water.

A. will get B. am going to get C. have given D. gave

6. This book _________in the classroom yesterday.

A. was left B. was leaving C. leaves D. left

7. A documentary about the wildlife_________ on TV tonight.

A. show B. will show C. showed D. is going to be shown

8. She is buying some sugar and flour. She _________a cake this evening.

A. is going to make B. makes C. made D. has made

Đáp án:

1. C

2. B

3. C

4. A

5. A

6. A

7. D

8. A

Exercise 4: Circle the correct verb form to complete each sentence.

1. Mai agreed buy / to buy my old laptop.

2. His teacher made him apologise / to apologise for his bad behaviour.

3. They decided going / to go to the live concert.

4. I’d love to visit / visit Paris one day.

5. His parents didn’t let him go / to go to music school.

6. We managed find / to find their first album on social media.

7. I saw her cross / to cross the street.

8. I heard him to open / open the window last night.

9. Dad promised take / to take us to the circus on Sunday.

10. He really wants learn / to learn to play a musical instrument this summer.

Đáp án:

1. to buy

2. apologise

3. to go

4. to visit

5. go

6. to find

7. cross

8. open

9. to take

10. to learn

Exercise 5: Make compound sentences using the conjunctions in brackets.

1. I’d like to go to the party. I’m too busy. (but)

2. It was sunny. Lan took an umbrella. (so)

3. Anna is an amazing dancer. Her parents are proud of her. (and)

4. You can vote online for your favourite singer. You can send text messages. (or)

5. Lisa went shopping yesterday. She didn’t buy anything. (but)

6. John’s parents own a restaurant. Sometimes he helps in the kitchen at weekends. (and)

7. Go inside. You will catch a cold. (or)

8. Rita is a good drummer. She will probably be invited to join the band (so)

Đáp án:

1. I’d like to go to the party, but I’m too busy.

2. It was sunny, so Lan took an umbrella.

3. Anna is an amazing dancer, and her parents are proud of her.

4. You can vote online for your favourite singer, or you can send text messages.

5. Lisa went shopping yesterday, but she didn’t buy anything.

6. John’s parents own a restaurant, and sometimes he helps in the kitchen at weekends.

7. Go inside or you will catch a cold.

8. Rita is a good drummer, so she will probably be invited to join the band.

Exercise 6: Choose the best answers to complete the sentences.

1. While we________ information for our presentation last month, we discovered that lots of people in our neighbourhood needed help.

A. were collecting B. are collecting C. collect D. collected

2. When we visited Mrs Lan this morning, she ________her lunch.

A. is preparing B. was preparing C. has prepared D. prepares

3. She told us her life story while we________ her tidy the house.

A. are helping B. have helped C. were helping D. help

4. While we were cleaning her kitchen, we________ a knock at the door. It was another old lady who lived next door.

A. are hearing B. were hearing C. hear D. heard

5. We________ to help old people clean their houses while we were talking to them later that day.

A. are deciding B. were deciding C. decided D. decide

6. While we ________ at the food bank, we met an old friend.

A. were helping B. are helping C. help D. helped

7. An old lady came to us and asked for help while we________ at the bus stop.

A. are waiting B. have waited C. were waiting D. wait

8. When we came to the local orphanage, all the children there________ their dinner.

A. are having B. were having C. have had D. have

Đáp án:

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. C

6. A

7. C

8. B

Exercise 7: Choose the best answers to complete the sentences.

1. The door and the window are open. I think someone________ into our house!

A. breaks B. broke C. has broken D. will break

2. Jane________ Chinese, but she quitted because it was too difficult.

A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. will study

3. Dave ________ Chinese for six years now. He likes it.

A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. will study

4. We have worked here ________ 2002

A. for B. since C. In D. to

5. The company ________ a new kind of smartphone. It looks fantastic!

A. just introduces B. just introduced C. has just introducedD. will just introduce

6. Hoa is not coming to class today. She ________ back to her hometown

A. goes B. go C. has gone D. will go

7. She has had this smartphone________ 10 years.

A. for B. since C. from D. in

8. This is a delicious cake, but we have________ had a big dinner and feel very full.

A. only B. just C. since D. for

Đáp án:

1. C

2. B

3. C

4. B

5. C

6. C

7. A

8. B

Exercise 8: Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.

1. Avoid (charge) ________the device for too long. It may overheat and break down.

2. It’s very convenient(look) ________ up a new word on a smartphone when learning English.

3. Computers allow us (store) ________ a lot of information.

4. Robots help us (do) ________ difficult or dangerous tasks.

5. (Carry) ________ a laptop around is easy because it is often very light and small.

6. I decided (give) ________ my old laptop to my younger brother.

7. Some people hate (use) ________ technology.

8. My friends enjoy (learn) ________ English on their smart devices.

Đáp án:

1. charging

2. to look

3. to store

4. do/ to do

5. To carry/ Carrying

6. to give

7. using/ to use

8. learning

Kết luận

Việc ôn tập Tiếng Anh lớp 10 kì 1 sẽ trở nên dễ dàng hơn rất nhiều nếu học sinh có một đề cương ôn tập Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh lớp 10 đầy đủ, rõ ràng và khoa học. Hy vọng bài viết này sẽ giúp học sinh hệ thống lại kiến thức, tự tin bước vào kì thi và đạt kết quả cao trong môn Tiếng Anh lớp 10.

👉 Lưu lại đề cương ôn tập Tiếng Anh lớp 10 kì 1 này và bắt đầu học ngay hôm nay để không bị mất gốc nhé!

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